(Vietnamese_MFA_dictionary_v2_0_0)=
# Vietnamese MFA dictionary v2.0.0

``````{dictionary} Vietnamese MFA dictionary v2.0.0
:id: "Vietnamese MFA dictionary v2_0_0"
:tags: Vietnamese;MFA;IPA
:language: "Vietnamese"
:dialect: N/A
:layout: mfa
:template: dictionary_template
:phoneset: "MFA"
:license: "CC BY 4.0"

   ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/vietnamese/mfa/v2.0.0/README.md
    :start-after: "## Dictionary details"
    :end-before: "## Installation"
   ```


   ```{admonition} Acoustic models
   * {ref}`vietnamese_mfa_acoustic_model_v2_0_0`
   ```

``````

```{include} ../../../../dictionary/vietnamese/mfa/v2.0.0/README.md
:start-after: "new)."
```

## IPA Charts

### Consonants

Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered

* - Manner
  - Labial
  - Labiodental
  - Alveolar
  - Retroflex
  - Palatal
  - Velar
  - Glottal
* - {manner}`Nasal`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * m
        * Occurrences: 1838
        * Examples
          * chôm: [c oː˨˥ m]
          * nam: [n aː˨˥ m]
          * cám: [k aː˦˥ m]
          * mắn: [m a˦˥ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * n
        * Occurrences: 1630
        * Examples
          * nam: [n aː˨˥ m]
          * thính: [tʰ ɨ˦˥ n]
          * băn: [ɓ a˨˨ n]
          * viền: [v iə˨˨ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɲ
        * Occurrences: 664
        * Examples
          * thính: [tʰ i˨˦ ɲ]
          * thịnh: [tʰ i˨˩ˀ ɲ]
          * nho: [ɲ ɔː˨˥]
          * nhờ: [ɲ əː˦˨]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ŋ
        * Occurrences: 2753
        * Examples
          * ngạt: [ŋ aː˨˩ k]
          * ngoi: [ŋ ɔː˨˥ j]
          * ngứa: [ŋ ɨə˦˥]
          * dương: [j ɨː˨˥ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Stop` {submanner}`Plain`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * p
        * Occurrences: 367
        * Examples
          * nượp: [n ɨə˨˩ p]
          * lép: [l ɛː˦˥ p]
          * giáp: [j aː˦˥ p]
          * hợp: [h əː˨˩ p]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t
        * Occurrences: 1332
        * Examples
          * ngạt: [ŋ aː˨˩ t]
          * dứt: [z ɨ˦˥ t]
          * bạt: [ɓ aː˨˩ t]
          * tắc: [t a˦˥ k]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʈ
        * Occurrences: 303
        * Examples
          * trườn: [ʈ ɨː˦˨ ŋ]
          * tro: [ʈ ɔː˨˥]
          * trứng: [ʈ ɨ˦˥ ŋ]
          * trĩu: [ʈ i˨˨ˀ w]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * c
        * Occurrences: 518
        * Examples
          * chôm: [c oː˨˥ m]
          * chiết: [c iː˦˥ k]
          * chớm: [c əː˦˥ m]
          * chia: [c iə˨˥]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * k
        * Occurrences: 1619
        * Examples
          * quý: [k w iː˨˦]
          * ngạt: [ŋ aː˨˩ k]
          * cám: [k aː˦˥ m]
          * sắc: [s a˦˥ k]
    * voiced
      * ɡ
        * Occurrences: 250
        * Examples
          * gờm: [ɡ əː˦˨ m]
          * gác: [ɡ aː˦˥ k]
          * gồng: [ɡ ɔ˦˨ ŋm]
          * gục: [ɡ u˨˩ kp]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʔ
        * Occurrences: 493
        * Examples
          * ổng: [ʔ o˨˩˨ ŋm]
          * ướt: [ʔ ɨə˦˥ t]
          * ươi: [ʔ ɨə˨˨ j]
          * yếu: [ʔ iə˨˦ w]
    ```
* - {submanner}`Implosive`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiced
      * ɓ
        * Occurrences: 720
        * Examples
          * băn: [ɓ a˨˥ ŋ]
          * bạt: [ɓ aː˨˩ k]
          * bái: [ɓ aː˦˥ j]
          * bốt: [ɓ oː˦˥ t]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiced
      * ɗ
        * Occurrences: 693
        * Examples
          * đều: [ɗ eː˦˨ w]
          * đoá: [ɗ w aː˦˥]
          * đảo: [ɗ aː˨˨ˀ w]
          * đang: [ɗ aː˨˥ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Affricate`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * tɕ
        * Occurrences: 392
        * Examples
          * chôm: [tɕ oː˨˨ m]
          * chiết: [tɕ iə˦˥ t]
          * chớm: [tɕ əː˨˦ m]
          * chia: [tɕ iə˨˨]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Sibilant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * s
        * Occurrences: 881
        * Examples
          * sắc: [s a˦˥ k]
          * xuất: [s w ə˦˥ k]
          * xém: [s ɛː˦˥ m]
          * sang: [s aː˨˥ ŋ]
    * voiced
      * z
        * Occurrences: 501
        * Examples
          * dương: [z ɨə˨˨ ŋ]
          * dứt: [z ɨ˦˥ t]
          * răng: [z a˨˨ ŋ]
          * rưới: [z ɨə˨˦ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Fricative`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * f
        * Occurrences: 323
        * Examples
          * phác: [f aː˦˥ k]
          * phan: [f aː˨˥ ŋ]
          * phình: [f i˨˨ ɲ]
          * phễu: [f eː˨ˀ˥ w]
    * voiced
      * v
        * Occurrences: 516
        * Examples
          * viền: [v iə˨˨ n]
          * vèo: [v ɛː˦˨ w]
          * vờn: [v əː˦˨ ŋ]
          * vọng: [v ɔ˨˩ ŋm]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * h
        * Occurrences: 696
        * Examples
          * hãi: [h aː˨ˀ˥ j]
          * hôi: [h oː˨˥ j]
          * hít: [h iː˦˥ t]
          * huyên: [h w iə˨˨ n]
    ```
* - {manner}`Approximant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * w
        * Occurrences: 2183
        * Examples
          * quý: [k w iː˨˦]
          * lầu: [l ə˦˨ w]
          * đều: [ɗ eː˦˨ w]
          * khuy: [x w iː˨˨]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * j
        * Occurrences: 2284
        * Examples
          * lười: [l ɨə˨˨ j]
          * ngoi: [ŋ ɔː˨˥ j]
          * dương: [j ɨː˨˥ ŋ]
          * dứt: [j ɨ˦˥ k]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Trill`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * r
        * Occurrences: 385
        * Examples
          * răng: [r a˨˥ ŋ]
          * rưới: [r ɨː˦˥ j]
          * rái: [r aː˦˥ j]
          * run: [r u˨˥ ŋm]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Lateral`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * l
        * Occurrences: 797
        * Examples
          * lười: [l ɨə˨˨ j]
          * lầu: [l ə˦˨ w]
          * lào: [l aː˦˨ w]
          * liêng: [l iə˨˨ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


### Vowels

Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered

* -
  - Front
  - Near-Front
  - Central
  - Near-Back
  - Back
* - Close
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * i
        * Occurrences: 531
        * Examples
          * thi: [tʰ i˨˨]
          * tính: [t i˨˦ ɲ]
          * lĩnh: [l i˨ˀ˥ ɲ]
          * phiu: [f i˨˥ w]
      * iː
        * Occurrences: 802
        * Examples
          * hít: [h iː˦˥ t]
          * xịn: [s iː˨˩ˀ n]
          * bỉm: [ɓ iː˨˩˨ m]
          * trĩu: [tɕ iː˨ˀ˥ w]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɨ
        * Occurrences: 760
        * Examples
          * sững: [s ɨ˨ˀ˥ ŋ]
          * thính: [tʰ ɨ˨ˀ˦ n]
          * cùm: [k ɨ˨˩ m]
          * min: [m ɨ˨˨ n]
      * ɨː
        * Occurrences: 345
        * Examples
          * vượt: [v ɨː˨˩˨ k]
          * giữ: [z ɨː˨ˀ˥]
          * ngữ: [ŋ ɨː˨ˀ˥]
          * ngự: [ŋ ɨː˨˩ˀ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * u
        * Occurrences: 695
        * Examples
          * đụng: [ɗ u˨˩ˀ ŋm]
          * thúy: [tʰ u˨ˀ˦ j]
          * dũng: [z u˨ˀ˥ ŋm]
          * run: [r u˨˥ ŋm]
      * uː
        * Occurrences: 446
        * Examples
          * bụt: [ɓ uː˨˩ t]
          * muỗng: [m uː˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * uổng: [ʔ uː˨˩˦ ŋ]
          * túi: [t uː˨˦ j]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Close-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * e
        * Occurrences: 38
        * Examples
          * lệnh: [l e˨˩ˀ ɲ]
          * tếch: [t e˦˥ c]
          * lênh: [l e˨˨ ɲ]
          * vênh: [v e˨˨ ɲ]
      * eː
        * Occurrences: 396
        * Examples
          * lều: [l eː˦˨ w]
          * huệ: [h w eː˨˩ˀ]
          * quê: [w eː˨˥]
          * rệt: [z eː˨˩ t]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * o
        * Occurrences: 239
        * Examples
          * lột: [l o˨˩˨ k]
          * bỗng: [ɓ o˨ˀ˥ ŋm]
          * ngốc: [ŋ o˦˥ kp]
          * khổng: [x o˨˩˨ ŋm]
      * oː
        * Occurrences: 592
        * Examples
          * hôi: [h oː˨˨ j]
          * hồi: [h oː˦˨ j]
          * chồm: [c oː˦˨ m]
          * phố: [f oː˨ˀ˦]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ə
        * Occurrences: 1164
        * Examples
          * dâm: [j ə˨˥ m]
          * thân: [tʰ ə˨˥ ŋ]
          * rấm: [r ə˨ˀ˦ m]
          * trầm: [ʈ ə˦˨ m]
      * əː
        * Occurrences: 832
        * Examples
          * tếch: [t əː˦˥ t]
          * xếch: [s əː˦˥ t]
          * giỡn: [z əː˨ˀ˥ n]
          * hởi: [h əː˨˨ˀ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɛː
        * Occurrences: 816
        * Examples
          * tem: [t ɛː˨˥ m]
          * bẹn: [ɓ ɛː˨˩ˀ n]
          * nhè: [ɲ ɛː˦˨]
          * kẻng: [k ɛː˨˩˦ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ɔ
        * Occurrences: 447
        * Examples
          * gióng: [z ɔ˨˦ ŋm]
          * ổng: [ʔ ɔ˨˨ˀ ŋm]
          * lọng: [l ɔ˨˩ˀ ŋm]
          * óng: [ʔ ɔ˨ˀ˦ ŋm]
      * ɔː
        * Occurrences: 736
        * Examples
          * cõi: [k ɔː˨ˀ˥ j]
          * nõn: [n ɔː˨ˀ˥ n]
          * phọt: [f ɔː˨˩ k]
          * khóm: [x ɔː˦˥ m]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * a
        * Occurrences: 1280
        * Examples
          * rãnh: [z a˨ˀ˥ ɲ]
          * nắm: [n a˨˦ m]
          * quằn: [w a˦˨ ŋ]
          * nhảy: [ɲ a˨˩˦ j]
      * aː
        * Occurrences: 2147
        * Examples
          * rái: [r aː˦˥ j]
          * ngạt: [ŋ aː˨˩ k]
          * đoá: [ɗ w aː˨˦]
          * trại: [tɕ aː˨˩ˀ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


#### Diphthongs

* {ipa_inline}`iə`
* {ipa_inline}`uə`
* {ipa_inline}`ɨə`

#### Tones

* {ipa_inline}`˦˥`
* {ipa_inline}`˦˨`
* {ipa_inline}`˨ˀ˥`
* {ipa_inline}`˨ˀ˦`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˥`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˦`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˨`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˨ˀ`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩ˀ`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩˦`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩˨`